First Aid For Animals

This material produced by the Palo Alto Humane Society in conjunction with the American Red Cross Northern California Disaster Preparedness Network

FIRST AID FOR ANIMALS

BASIC SUPPLIES

• gauze pads
• gauze roll/ bandages
• roll of cloth
• thermometer
• tweezers
• Hydrogen peroxide
• antibiotic ointment
• Q-tips
• instant cold pack
• rags/ rubber tubing for tourniquet
• First Aid book

VITAL STATISTICS

Pulse and Heart Rate

• Cats: 150-200 bpm
• Small dogs: 90-120 bpm
• Medium dogs: 70-110 bpm
• Large dogs: 60-90 bpm

Temperature

BASIC FIRST AID PROCEDURES

DOGS AND CATS
All of the following situations require immediate veterinary care.

1. FRACTURES
• Muzzle animal.
• Gently lay animal on a board, wooden door, tarp, etc. padded with blankets.
• Secure animal to the support.
• Do not attempt to set the fracture.
• If a limb is broken, wrap the leg in cotton padding, then wrap with a magazine, rolled newspaper, towel or two sticks. Splint should extend one joint above the fracture and one joint below. Secure with tape. Make sure wrap does not constrict blood flow.
• If the spine, ribs, hip, etc. appears injured or broken, gently place the animal on the stretcher and immobilize it if possible.
  
2. BLEEDING (external)
• Muzzle animal.
• Press thick gauze pad over wound. Hold firmly until clotting occurs.
• If bleeding is severe, apply a tourniquet between the wound and the heart.
• Loosen tourniquet for 20 seconds every 15-20 minutes.
• A tourniquet is dangerous and should only be used in life- threatening hemorrhaging of a limb. It may result in amputation or disability of the limb.
  
3. BLEEDING (internal)
• Symptoms: bleeding from nose, mouth, rectum; coughing blood; blood in urine; pale gums; collapse; rapid or weak pulse.
• Keep animal as warm and quiet as possible.
  
4. BURNS
• Chemical
  ---Muzzle animal.
  ---Flush immediately with large quantities of cold water.
• Severe
  ---Muzzle animal.
  ---Quickly apply ice water compresses.
  ---Treat for shock if necessary.
  
5. SHOCK
• Symptoms: weak pulse; shallow breathing; nervousness; dazed appearance.
• Often accompanies severe injury or extreme fright.
• Keep animal restrained, quiet and warm.
• If unconscious, keep head level with rest of body.

BIRDS
All of the following situations require immediate veterinary care

1. FRACTURES
• Wing
  --Restrain bird by wrapping in a towel or slipping into a sock with the toe cut out.
• Leg
  --Restrain bird by wrapping in a towel or sock, leaving leg exposed.
  Splint leg with 2 pieces of adhesive tape placed perpendicular to leg across break site.
  
2. BLEEDING
• Broken "blood" feather (new feather)
  - Pull feather out gently; bleeding should decrease.
  - Press finger over removal site until bleeding stops.
• Wound or broken nail
  - Apply pressure to site with finger(s). Bleeding should decrease.
  - Apply "Quick Stop" powder or styptic to stop bleeding.
  - Flour or cornstarch can be used in an emergency.
  
3. PUNCTURE WOUNDS
• - Wrap bird in towel or sock.
  - See veterinarian: antibiotics are required to prevent infections.

HANDLING AN INJURED ANIMAL

RESTRAINT METHODS

DOGS

1. Speak and move calmly and quietly.
2. Have someone restrain the dog with a leash.
3. Approach dog from the side and behind its head; do not attempt to put muzzle on from the front.
4. Quickly slip a nylon or wire cage muzzle over nose, secure snugly behind ears.
5. If a muzzle is not available, you can make one from a strip of gauze, rag, necktie, belt or rope about 3 feet long.
• Make a large loop in the center. Quickly slip loop over dog's nose.
• Bring ends under chin. Tie snugly behind ears.

CATS

1. Speak and move calmly and quietly.
2. Have someone restrain the cat by holding the scruff of its neck firmly. This does not hurt the cat; it just prevents him/her from moving.
3. Working from behind the cat, quickly slip a nylon muzzle over the cat's face. The muzzle will cover most of his/her face, including the eyes. Secure snugly behind head.
4. If you are alone, scruff the cat with one hand and put the muzzle over the cat's face with the other. Slide both hands along muzzle straps and secure behind the head.
5. If a muzzle is not available, one can be made with a rag or a strip of gauze. Make sure that it is carefully placed around the cat's mouth and securely fastened, as cats can escape from these temporary muzzles.

1. Most cats can be restrained by holding the scruff of the neck.
2. The "Cat Sack" can be used for fractious or very frightened cats. Slip sack over cat from tall to head, zip up appropriate zippers.
3. Wrap cat in a towel, making, sure his/her front legs are covered and against the body.
4. Gloves are not recommended for handling cats. They reduce the handler's dexterity and can easily be penetrated by a cat's teeth.

BIRDS

1. Carefully wrap bird in towel, gently folding his/her wings against the body. Keep your hands out of the way of the beak.
2. Gloves are not recommended for bigger birds. They reduce the handler's dexterity and strong beaks can easily penetrate them.

SMALL MAMMALS AND REPTILES

1. Wrap the animal in a towel or rag, gently folding his/her legs against the body.

Palo Alto Humane Society
415 Cambridge Ave. Call 327-0631.
Hours: Mon.-Fri. 9 a.m.-5 p.m.
This organization is devoted to the protection and welfare of animals in the Midpeninsula area. Provides a large resource list, humane education for school children and adults, and community programs, such as Saturday dog walks and animal visitation to nursing homes and hospitals. Call for more information on adoption days for kittens and cats. The Humane Society is not a shelter and does not have animal control officers.